奥利地维也纳大学基本概况

　　奥利地维也纳大学成立于1365年，是德语世界最古老的大学，也是中欧规模最大的大学之一，目前世界排名第154位。下面请看出国留学网整理并翻译的维也纳大学基本概况，供参考。

　　一、关于维也纳大学

　　The University of Vienna was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365. It is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and one of the largest in Central Europe. Currently, about 91,000 students are enrolled at the University of Vienna. 188 courses can be taken, of which 56 are Bachelor Programmes, 117 Master Programmes, 4 Diploma Programmes and 11 PhD Programmes. With staff of 9,400 employees, 6,700 of whom are academic, the University of Vienna is the largest teaching and research institution in Austria. It aims to sustain a wide range of studies, but at the same time to promote new and innovative fields of research, and to establish new networks between subjects. From 363 European partner universities, the University of Vienna has entered into an ERASMUS-Partnership with 350 universities. Students from approximately 130 countries attend more than 10,000 lectures at the University of Vienna every year.

　　faculty staff and students

　　维也纳大学由哈布内斯王朝亲王鲁道尔夫四世于1365年建立。它是德语世界最古老的大学，也是中欧规模最大的大学之一。目前，维也纳大学有大约9万1千名在校生，188门。其中学士计划56个，硕士计划117个，4个文凭计划和11个博士计划。9千4百名员工，专业人员6千7百人，是奥地利规模最大的教学和科研机构。维也纳大学的目标是提供众多学科课程，同时倡导创新领域研究，在学科之间建立新联系。维也纳大学在欧洲有363个伙伴大学，并且参与了伊拉斯谟 计划，与350所大学有伙伴关系。每年，维也纳大学面向近130个国家招生，每年有1万多个讲座。

　　师生人数

　　二、维也纳大学的历史

　　When the Philosophical Faculty was the first institution of the University of Vienna to open itself to the enrolment of women in the academic year of 1897/98, more than 500 years had already passed since the university’s founding.

　　At first, three women enrolled. The ratio of women to men at that point was 1:183. Today – varying by discipline – one can speak of a ratio of about 1:1.

　　Up to the 1880s the “low cerebral capacity” of women was used as a scientific argument against their admission to the studies. The capabilities of individual women were seen as exceptions and one cautioned against extrapolating from their abilities to the general population. However, progress could not be stopped. In 1900, only three years later, women were also admitted to the Medical Faculty.

　　维也纳大学成立500多年之后才开始招收女学生。这学院是维也纳大学第一个为女学生提供注册的学院，第一次注册是在1897/98学年。

　　起先，只有三名女学生注册。那时的男女比例是183:1。今天，维也纳大学的那女比例虽然因学科不同而有所不同，但是已经降到了1:1。

　　在19世纪80年代的时候，妇女“低脑容量”的谬论仍被人们用来作为拒绝招收女学生的借口。妇女的能力在那时被视为例外，人们会推测她们的能力可能低于常人。尽管如此，历史的进步不可避免。1990年，仅在三年后，维也纳大学医学院也招收了女学生。

　　In the course of this, a linguistically and culturally varied picture presented itself. The female student body was not only made up of women from mainly German-speaking parts of the monarchy, but instead – particularly in medicine – the number of female students from Galicia had surpassed that of those from Vienna. With the political changes, especially in the 1930s, this picture was transformed as well. In regard to the studied subjects, a focus on philosophy followed by psychology and pedagogy can be observed. This was due to, on the one hand, the philosophical oral exam being mandatory for all doctoral studies in the humanities and natural sciences, and on the other hand to the fact that these subjects were also compulsory for all teacher training studies, which were attended by a large percentage of women.

　　In 1918/19, the year in which women also received the right to vote in the newly proclaimed Austrian Republic, the ban on women’s enrolment fell at the Faculty of Law, the study at which was a prerequisite for almost all higher public official positions as well as the entry requirement for the legal professions. A little later, in 1923, women were also allowed to study at the Faculty of Protestant Theology, with the Faculty of Catholic Theology following suit in 1945. Compared to other European countries, Austria was the last country apart from Prussia to admit women to universities.

　　在这个过程中，语言和文化差异的图景说明了问题。女学生不只来自奥地利德语区，相反，特别是医学院，来自加利西亚的女学生人数超过了维也纳。随着政治局面的改变，特别是在20世纪30年代，这个图景也发生了巨大改变。在学科方面，学习哲学的女学生最多，紧随其后的是心理学和教育学。出现这个现象，一方面是因为答辩是所有学习人文和自然科学课程的博士生都必须的，另一方面，因为这些学科也是所有师范生必须的，而师范生中，女学生占了很大比重。

　　在1981/19学年，妇女在奥地利共和国成立下获得了选举权。同年，禁止招收女学生的禁令在法学院被取消。在此之前，法律几乎是所有高级公共官位和法律行业职位所必须的。不久，1923年，新教神学院也招收了女学生，天主教神学院1945年也招收了女学生。和其他欧洲国家相比，奥地利是普鲁士以外的最晚招收女学生的国家。

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